World Congress on Biosensors and Bioelectronics December 08-09, 2021 Barcelona, Spain

Graphene based enzymatic and non-enzymatic electrode can properly absorb glucose, cytochrome-c, NADH, haemoglobin, HRP, and cholesterol, hydrogen peroxide, AA, UA , DA respectively. Nano capsules are nanoscale shells made of non-toxic polymer. It is the vesicular systems formed by the polymeric membrane that encloses the inner core of the fluid at the nanoscale level. Nano capsules have many uses, including promising medical applications for drug delivery, dietary supplements, nutraceuticals, and self-medication.

A Bio transducer is part of the biosensor system recognition and transmission. It consists of two adjacent parts; a layer of biological recognition and a physicochemical transducer, which works together converts chemical signals into electronic or optical signals. Electronic electronics offers more important advantages than physical, chemical and biophysical methods, in terms of high sensitivity and new sensory processes, advanced spatial adjustment, facial integration and regular use of semiconductor processing and label-free, detection real time in place in a non-destructive way. Gravimetric biosensors apply the basic rule of response to weight change. Most gravimetric biosensors use small piezoelectric quartz crystals, either as crystalline crystals (QCM), or as bulk / surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices. Pyroelectric biosensors generate electrical energy due to temperature changes. This difference creates a separation in the object, producing a dipole moment at which the gradient of the temperature is referred to. The result is a net voltage across all equipment.

Aptamers are oligonucleotides or peptide molecules interacting with a specific molecule. Aptamers are usually created by selecting them from a large pool of random sequences, but natural aptamers are also available in in riboswitches. Immunosensors composed of a suitable combination of biomolecule and transducer used together, can be used in certain analytical conditions. Immunosensors tend to rely on the reuse of the same reception area in multiple doses. Biochip is a combination of minute DNA dots connected to a complex area. Scientists are using DNA Biochips to measure the level of gene expression at a time. Each DNA site contains Pico moles of a specific DNA sequence known as a probe. These can be part of a gene or a particle of DNA that is used to reproduce cDNA or cRNA. Probe-target cross breeding combinations are often calculated and detected by fluorophore detection. Targets with a silver or chemiluminescence label to identify the corresponding quantity of nucleic acid sequences in a target. Sensors are devices that respond to physical or chemical events and produce available signals. They add to the human mind's focus on many aspects of modern society. This is because we are less sensitive to chemical or biological processes than to the physical environment (e.g., light, pressure, temperature, or humidity). However, the appropriate chemical or biological layers are strongly linked to quality of life.

Biological features can be measured and modified using electronics, magnets, photonics, sensors, circuits, and algorithms. Applications arise from the basic science of natural medicine through medical treatment, and allow for new discoveries, diagnoses, and treatments by creating novel devices, systems, and analyses. Biomolecular Electronics is a branch of nano-science and technology specializing in the research and technology application of electron transporters in specialized categories of biomolecule. Although it works with molecules that can donate or receive electrons, biomolecular electronics has nothing to do with the molecular bases that control the production and distribution of electrical signals in neural cells, i.e. potential action. Bioanalysis is one of the sub-categories of Chemistry that helps to measure Xenobiotic (non-natural concentrations or location of drugs, Metabolites and biological molecules) in the biological system. Biomedicine is a branch of medical science that deals with the application of the principles of natural and physical sciences to medical practices. It learns about our ability to cope with environmental changes.

Photonic Sensing focuses on experimental contributions related to novel principles, and structures or materials for photonic sensors. Optical fibres can be used as sensors to measure strain, temperature, pressure and other quantities by modifying a fiber so that the quantity to be measured modulates the intensity, phase, polarization and wavelength or transit time of light in the fiber. Sensors that vary the intensity of light are the simplest, since only a simple source and detector are required. A particularly useful feature of intrinsic optical fibre sensors is that they can, if required, provide distributed sensing over very large distances. Photonic integrated circuits (PICs) are optically active integrated semiconductor photonic devices which consist of at least two different functional blocks, (gain region and a grating based mirror in a laser...). These devices are responsible for commercial successes of optical communications and the ability to increase the available bandwidth without significant cost increases to the end user, through improved performance and cost reduction that they provide. The most widely deployed PICs are based on Indium phosphide material system. Silicon photonics is an active area of research.

Bio-sensing technologies are of increasing importance in healthcare, agri-food, environmental and security sectors, and this is reflected in the continued growth of global markets for such technologies. Biomechanics is closely related to engineering, because it often uses traditional engineering sciences to analyse biological systems. Some simple applications of Newtonian mechanics and/or materials sciences can supply correct approximations to the mechanics of many biological systems. Reliable methodologies are needed for point and stand-off detection of chemical, biological, radiological, special nuclear and explosive (CBRNE) materials. These technological needs are not universally military in nature. For example, there is pervasive interest among diverse disciplines such as medicine, law enforcement, explosive ordinance disposal, Natural environmental protection, industrial manufacturing and food processing in being able to develop capabilities for the rapid detection and identification capabilities for various biochemical markers.

The field of optical biosensors has been a growing research area over the last three decades. A wide range of books and review articles has been published by experts in the field who have highlighted the advantages of optical sensing over other transduction methods. Fluorescence is by far the method most often applied and comes in a variety of schemes. Nowadays, one of the most common approaches in the field of optical biosensors is to combine the high sensitivity of fluorescence detection in combination with the high selectivity provided by ligand-binding proteins. In this chapter we deal with reviewing our recent results on the implementation of fluorescence-based sensors for monitoring environmentally hazardous gas molecules. Medical Image Analysis provides a forum for the dissemination of new research results in the field of medical and biological image analysis, with special emphasis on efforts related to the applications of high-level computer vision, virtual reality and robotics to biomedical imaging problems.

The majority of reported biosensor research has been directed toward development of devices for clinical markets; however, driven by a need for better methods for environmental surveillance, research into this technology is also expanding to encompass environmental applications. Biosensors are biophysical devices which can detect the presence of specific substances e.g. sugars, proteins, hormones, pollutants and a variety of toxins in the environment. They are also capable of measuring the quantities of these specific substances in the environment.

Biomedical engineering (BME) is the application of engineering principles and design concepts to medicine and biology for healthcare purposes (e.g. diagnostic or therapeutic). This field seeks to close the gap between engineering and medicine: It combines the design and problem solving skills of engineering with medical and biological sciences to advance health care treatment, including diagnosis, monitoring, and therapy. To ensure that good quality assurance practices are used for the design of medical devices and that they are consistent with quality system requirements worldwide, the Food and Drug Administration revised the Current Good Manufacturing Practice (CGMP) requirements by incorporating them into the Quality System Regulation, 21 CFR Part 820. An important component of the revision is the addition of design controls.

Nanolithography is the art and science of etching, writing, or printing at the microscopic level, where the dimensions of characters are on the order of nanometres (units of 10 -9meter, or millionths of a millimetre). This includes various methods of modifying semiconductor chips at the atom ic level for the purpose of fabricating integrated circuits. Nano photonics is the new emerging paradigm where light interacts with Nano-scaled structures and brings forth the mysterious world to research. The combination of Photonics and Nanotechnology giving birth to “Nano photonics” compliments and benefits each other in terms of new functions, materials, fabrication processes and applications.

Micro-/nanoelectromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) micro-/nanoelectromechanical system (MEMS/NEMS) need to be designed to perform expected functions in short durations, typically in the millisecond to picosecond range. Most mechanical properties are known to be scale dependent, therefore the properties of nanoscale structures need to be measured. For biomes/biomes, biomes/bones adhesion between biological molecular layer molecular layers and the substrate, and friction and wear of biological layers, can be important. Bionics is the application of biological methods and systems found in nature to the study and design of engineering systems and modern technology Bionics means the replacement or enhancement of organs or other body parts by mechanical versions. Bionic implants differ from mere prostheses by mimicking the original function very closely, or even surpassing it. Bio robotics is the use of biological characteristics in living organisms as the knowledge base for developing new robot designs. The term can also refer to the use of biological specimens as functional robot components. Bio robotics intersects the fields of cybernetics, bionics, biology, physiology, and genetic engineering.

A gas Sensor is a device that detects the presence of gases in an area, often as part of a safety system. This type of equipment is used to detect a gas leak and interface with a control system so a process can be automatically shut down. A gas detector can sound an alarm to operators in the area where the leak is occurring, giving them the opportunity to leave. This type of device is important because there are many gases that can be harmful to organic life, such as humans or animals. Metal oxide-based resistive-type gas sensors are solid-state devices which are widely used in a number of applications from health and safety to energy efficiency and emission control. Nanomaterials such as nanowires, Nano rods, and nanoparticles have dominated the research focus in this field due to their large number of surface sites facilitating surface reactions. Previous studies have shown that incorporating two or more metal oxides to form a heterojunction interface can have drastic effects on gas sensor performance, especially the selectivity. Interdigitated capacitive transducers have been inkjet printed onto flexible substrates and optimized for gas sensing applications. Their characteristics have been improved by tuning the annealing/sintering conditions and making use of additional passivation procedures, such as Ag electroplating with Ni or Parolee-C coating of the whole device surface. Surface acoustic wave sensors are a class of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) which rely on the modulation of surface acoustic waves to sense a physical phenomenon. The sensor transducers an input electrical signal into a mechanical wave which, unlike an electrical signal, can be easily influenced by physical phenomena. The device then transduces this wave back into an electrical signal. Changes in amplitude, phase, frequency, or time-delay between the input and output electrical signals can be used to measure the presence of the desired phenotype